Roll forming kayan aiki maroki

Fiye da Shekaru 30+ Ƙwarewar Ƙirƙirar Masana'antu

sanyi yi kafa karfe frame villa

Masu gine-gine da masu zane-zane daga manyan kamfanoni, da masu tasiri da masana, za su bincika ƙarfi da raunin tunani da aiki na ƙira na zamani, bincika batutuwa kamar bincike, fasaha da lafiya.
Ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi, hangen nesa mai mahimmanci, da cikakken rahoto, membobin Metropolis za su ba ku kayan aikin da kuke buƙata a cikin shekara mai zuwa.
A cikin 2019, gidajen tarihi guda biyu da ake kira Bauhaus sun bayyana a cikin da'irar al'adun Jamus. Don cin gajiyar shekaru ɗari na ƙirar makarantar, gidan kayan gargajiya na Bauhaus da ke Weimar shine farkon wanda ya fara fitowa daga ƙofofinsa, wanda aka buɗe a farkon Afrilu. Bayan 'yan dannawa kaɗan, gidan kayan tarihi na Bauhaus da ke Dessau ya biyo baya a farkon Satumba. Aiki na uku, jinkirin fadada Walter Gropius's 1979 Bauhaus Gestaltung Archive/Museum a Berlin, bai ci gaba da tafiya ba kuma ana sa ran za'a bude shi na wasu shekaru da yawa.
A halin yanzu a Berlin, jirgin Kyaftin Gropius ya nutse a cikin wani rami mai laka kuma an koma tsarinsa zuwa wani yanki na wucin gadi. Ginin, wanda aka gina a cikin 1976, a shekarar da GDR ya sake gina harabar Dessau a Kapitan a cikin 1979, bai taba yin farin jini ba musamman duk da karuwar zirga-zirgar kafa tun bayan faduwar katangar Berlin. Wannan a fili ya samo asali ne sakamakon sasantawa: Asalin shirin Gropius a 1964 na wani wuri mai gangarewa a Darmstadt, wani karamin gari kusa da Frankfurt, 'yan siyasa na cikin gida sun dakile. Sai bayan shekaru goma masu zuwa, bayan mutuwar Gropius, aikin ya sami wuri a yankin yammacin Berlin. Duk da haka, wannan rushewar ya rushe shirin na asali kuma yana buƙatar gyare-gyare mai yawa (musamman sauya ginin zuwa wani yanki) na mataimakin Gropius Alex Cianovich.
Duk wani rayuwa mai rai daga daftarin farko an kashe shi ta hanyar da ta dace a sigar ƙarshe ta kodadde. A cikin kalmomin masu sukar Sibylla Moholy-Nagy, mai daidaitawa ne, ba tare da bangaskiya cikin dabaru da ragi ba, "ba tare da son zuciya don sabon damar ba." Ya yi amfani da kowace zarafi don fuskantar Gropius a zamanin tsohon shugabansa. Filayen da ya saba wa martabar makarantar, ya zama abin damuwa ga sana’o’i a tsakanin ma’aikatan gine-ginen Bahaushe, abin ya kasance matte. Shahararren rufin rufin, da kuma ramp ɗin iska mai ƙarfi wanda Cvijanovic ya ƙara, yana nufin ƙarin tsayi amma ya kasa. Ba Bahaushe ba ne.
Al’amarin Taskar Bahaushe yana da ilmantarwa domin yana nuna matsalar gina “tambari” musamman irin na Bahaushe. Sihiri ba za a iya dawo da shi kawai ba, kamar yadda bala'i ya zama abin ban tsoro kuma abin ban tsoro ya zama nihilism. Duk da yake kowane birni a duniya yana fitar da gine-ginen "zamani", suna da alaƙa da manyan makarantun ƙira na ƙarni na 20 fiye da IKEA da Alucobond.
Sai dai hazikin Bahaushe yana cikin yanayin siyasa mai zafi wanda ya tilasta masa wanzuwa. Daga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na duniya, sabon ruhu ya taso, wanda Gropius ya bayyana a cikin littafinsa na 1919 a lokacin kafa makarantar a Weimar. "Crystallization" shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda gargaɗinsa mai tunawa: "Art dole ne ya sami furcinsa a cikin babban aikin fasaha. Wannan babban aikin fasaha, wannan babban coci na gaba, Kawo haske mai yawa a cikin ƙananan abubuwa na rayuwar yau da kullum. rayuwa."
Ba kwatsam ba ne, saboda haka, hoton da aka fi kwafi na farkon zamanin Weimar na Bauhaus shi ne yankan katako da Lionel Feininger ya yi wanda ke nuna wani babban cocin 'yan gurguzu. Wannan shine tsarin gurguzu na William Morris, na duniya da 'yan'uwantaka, yana jujjuyawa ga jin daɗi da jigon jinsuna kafin dalili na kayan aiki. Sana'a, wato sana'a, za ta zama riga-kafi a kan munanan yaƙe-yaƙe na makanikai wanda 'yan burguza a gida da waje za su faɗo.
Abin da ake buƙata a gaban irin wannan rikici shine motsin rai da ɗan adam, kuma inda ya fi dacewa ya dauki wannan matsayi fiye da Weimar, cibiyar jijiya na Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jamus, wurin haifuwar Goethe da Schiller? Amma ba da daɗewa ba Esperanto mai fafutuka da ke shawagi a cikin ɗakin karatu na Bauhaus ya zama wani nau'in zane-zane, wanda ya fi angulu da rarrabuwa, wani ɓangare na aikin De Stijlist na Theo van Didburg.
Heike Hanada, masanin gine-ginen da ya tsara gidan tarihi na Bauhaus a Weimar, ba shi da ikon siye kaɗan don kowane tasiri. Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwanƙwasa, yana bayyana wasu daga cikin damuwa da ke ɓoye a cikin furci, amma ya musanta alherinsa na ceto. Dace da aka ba da mahimmancin manufofin Weimar na kawar da goyan bayan injin Nazi, da kuma kusancin wurin zuwa Gauforum (ginin gudanarwa inda aka haɓaka manufofin) da sansanin taro na Buchenwald (inda aka aiwatar da manufofin). Girman gidan kayan gargajiya yana da ƴan tagogi kaɗan, wanda ke ba shi ƙarfin ƙarfi. Dabarar da alama ta kasance farkon farawa mara kyau idan ba don cikin iska mai iska ba, wanda duk da haka yana fama da wuce gona da iri akan babban matakala mai kunkuntar.
Ga duk waɗancan matsi da nauyi masu nauyi, wannan ba “silo” bane kamar yadda wasu masu bita ke iƙirari. Sukar gine-gine ya kasance yana da al'ada mai tayar da hankali tare da kwatance. A wannan yanayin, ana iya fahimtar jarabar - don haka kusa da Gauforum da kotun da ke kusa da su wanda ya taba rike lakabi na "Adolf Hitlerplatz" - kuma, a kowane hali, yana nuna sigar A na dokar Derwin: duk wani tattaunawa na Bauhaus zai jagoranci. zuwa Nazism.
An fara korar makarantar daga Weimar lokacin da hukumomin lardin da suka fusata suka janye tallafin. Ya koma Dessau kuma makarantar ta shafe shekarunta na zinari (1926) akan ƙyanƙyasar harabar Gropius. Gropius ya wuce sandar ga ɗan gurguzu (kuma mafi girman gine-gine) Hannes Meyer. Makarantar ta faɗaɗa, kuma a lokaci guda, ɗalibai sun fi dacewa da duniya a waje da ɗakunan su. Wannan ya zama matsala, Meyer ya tilasta barin kuma Mies van der Rohe ya shiga cikin rata. Ya watsar da tsarin karatun kuma ya karkata hankalinsa daga gidajen ma'aikata, da tallace-tallace, zane-zane, sassaka, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo, zuwa gidan Plato's flat-glass villa. Binciken ɗalibi na masana'antu da asirai na tarihi ana karkata shi zuwa binciken yatsa-zuwa-lebe na sigar gine-gine. To amma ba komai, domin a nan akwai riguna masu launin ruwan kasa, wasu ma suna kutsawa cikin Bahaushe. Sun kira makarantar "aquarium" kuma sun aika zuwa Berlin, inda daga bisani ta shiga cikin barazanar Kulturkampf.
Bahaushe na daya daga cikin wadanda farkisanci ya rutsa da su, wanda ya kai ga tarwatsa shugabanninta a kan iyaka da helkwata. (Moholy-Nagy kuma: “A shekara ta 1933 Hitler ya girgiza bishiyar kuma Amurka ta girbe ’ya’yan Jamus masu hazaka.”) A ƙarshen ƙarni, Gropius, Breuer da wasu sun sami maraba cikin zuciyar ƙwararrun Amurka. . Kuma "ji" - sunan barkwanci da wani sabon aboki ya ba shi - ya fara share bayanan. An kashe zamanin Weimar gaba ɗaya, kuma an karkatar da tsarin zamantakewa na makarantar. Abin da ya rage shi ne Bahaushensa da ke Dessau, cibiyar da ta yi nisa ga Tsohuwar Duniya.
Bahaushe ya kasance ginshiƙin dabarun tausasawa da CIA ta yi don lalata martabar Tarayyar Soviet bayan yakin duniya na biyu. Dessau, harabar jami'a da birnin suna ƙarƙashin ikon Soviet, amma ainihin Bauhaus, kamar dimokuradiyya, ya rayu a duniya ta farko. Kamar yadda masana irin su Kathleen James-Chakraborty suka nuna, raƙuman ruwa na zamani daban-daban da suka wanzu a baya, a lokaci guda kuma ko da bayan Bauhaus na Jamus - Neues Bauen, Expressionism, Weimar Lichtreklame - an shigar da su a cikin Bauhaus, alamar za ta kasance. shigo da su duk duniya. . Kungiyar NATO.
Amma a cikin gine-ginen echt Bauhaus na ƙasarsa, hannayen biyu sune mafi mahimmanci. Baya ga harabar makaranta, akwai kuma gine-ginen litattafai, irin su gidan masaukin Gropius na masters na Bauhaus (indeterminate, Kandinsky, Moholy-Nagy), da ayyukan da ba na ilimi ba, ba stucco ba, wato Gropius Employment Office (1929) da kuma Hannes Meyer. Gida mai saukin yaudara da baranda (1930). A cikin Weimar, Haus am Horn a cikin 1923 shine ƙoƙarin farko na nau'in. Har ma daga tsakiyar Jamus shine makarantar ƙwadago ta Meyer ADGB a Bernau, kusa da Berlin, a cikin 1930. Kamar harabar Dessau, tana cike da ra'ayoyi - kuma masu fa'ida sosai - amma ba ruwansu da siginar Gropius' Sachlichkeit.
Ko da bayan ƙarni, gine-gine har yanzu suna fashe saboda ƙarfin misalinsu. Tabbas, ba zai yiwu a samu tsaftar Lutheran ba, wanda Bahaushe ya riga ya ruguje a cikin mu’amalarsu ta yau da kullum. Ko rashin fahimta na ra'ayi ("sabon haɗin kai"), ko waƙar fasaha (art da fasaha, fasaha da fasaha, amin).
To, godiya ga Addendum Architects, ɗakin studio a bayan gidan kayan tarihi na Bauhaus Dessau a Barcelona, ​​​​Spain. Yana kawar da mafi yawan abubuwan banƙyama na Gang na Dessau yayin da yake riƙe da layukan wuya da rubutu mai ban sha'awa. Ba za a iya cewa ginin ya yi fice ba. Zane-zane mai sauƙi ne, haɗin kai na yau da kullun tsakanin kama-da-wane da na gaske: zauren nunin tare da ci gaba da fayyace sarari ya mamaye zauren zane mai gauraye tare da ci gaba da fayyace tazara. Babban rabin yana da launin baƙar fata don ɓoye abin da ke ciki, yayin da rabin ƙasa ya bar ambulaf ɗin da ba shi da kyau.
Don haka tawali'u har zuwa yanzu. Amma idan aka yi la’akari da fitaccen wurin ginin a cikin babban wurin shakatawa na cikin gari, tagogin gilashin ba su fito fili kamar yadda ya kamata ba. Masu zanen gine-ginen sun yi niyya ne don su lalata facade (a cikin ruhin Bahaushe), ta yadda a ciki da waje ba su da kyau, amma bayan haka, kasancewar gidan kayan tarihi a wasu wuraren jama'a ya zama kamar kutsawa.
A halin yanzu, fadada gidan kayan gargajiya a Berlin shine mafi kyawun sabbin ayyukan. Yawancin aikin za su kasance a ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, tare da hasumiya mai hawa biyar shine kawai abin da ake gani a cikin shirin. Yana da ginshiƙan sirara, ginshiƙai na yau da kullun a waje, yana barin bene na ciki (na kantin kayan gargajiya da kantin kayan gargajiya) gabaɗaya a buɗe. Hukumar ta kwace Staab Architekten a cikin 2015 kuma yana da kyau a kiyaye dan tazara tsakanin ginin da ake da shi da na kansa, don kawar da duk wani tasiri kai tsaye.
Abin ban mamaki, yawancin da’awar Bahaushe ga tarihi yana da nasaba da aikin gine-ginen da ke da laifi. Ban da gine-ginen Meyer da harabar Dessau, "ginin gine-ginen Bauhaus" yana da ɗan ruɗi. Sauran ayyukan da ake yi a makarantar, tun daga saƙa zuwa ƙirar fuskar bangon waya, daga zane-zane zuwa talla, sabbin abubuwa ne kuma har yanzu suna ɗaukar tunaninmu. (Hakika Bahaushe ba shi da tsarin tsarin gine-gine na mafi yawan wanzuwarsa).
Me zai sa dalibai su farka da dare idan aka sake fasalin Bahaushe a 2019? Wannan ita ce tambayar da sabon littafin nan The Future of the Bauhaus (MIT Press) ya yi, kuma a cikin jawabai daban-daban da suka dace da lokaci, gine-gine, wato gine-gine, babu inda aka samu. Amma ba za ku iya ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe na jama'a ba kawai saboda ra'ayoyin daskararru - sabbin kayan fasaha masu haɗari.
Hakanan ba a yarda matafiya masu yuwuwa suyi tafiya cikin Albers Tapestry. Ba za ku iya zama a cikin zanen Klee ba ko danna jikin ku akan jigon kayan shayi na Brandt. Amma za ku iya shiga jirgin sama, ku tashi zuwa Berlin, ku ɗauki jirgin ƙasa zuwa Dessau, ku ɗauki taksi zuwa Gropiusallee 38, ku yi tafiya ta cikin waɗannan (fiye da ja) kofofin ja, gabatar da hotuna a kan matakala, a cikin kantin kyauta, cikin makoki. . a dakin cin abinci ne kuruciyar ku bata. Har ma za ku iya kwana.
Hakanan kuna iya son Nisa daga Haikali na Hankali, Bahaushe karkataccen kasko ne.
Biyan kuɗi zuwa wasiƙarmu don karɓar sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa, keɓaɓɓen abun ciki da tayin biyan kuɗi kai tsaye zuwa akwatin saƙo naka!


Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-23-2022