Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don murƙushe ko shimfiɗa lebe akan ɓangaren silinda. Misali, ana iya yin hakan ta amfani da injin latsawa ko gyare-gyaren orbital. Koyaya, matsalar waɗannan hanyoyin (musamman na farko) shine cewa suna buƙatar ƙarfi mai yawa.
Wannan bai dace ba don sassa masu bangon bakin ciki ko sassan da aka yi daga ƙananan kayan ductile. Don waɗannan aikace-aikacen, hanya ta uku ta fito: bayanin martaba.
Kamar orbital da radial forming, birgima tsari ne mara tasiri na sanyin kafa karfe. Koyaya, maimakon ƙirƙirar kan post ko rivet, wannan tsari yana haifar da murɗawa ko gefuna a gefen ko bakin wani yanki na silinda maras tushe. Ana iya yin haka don aminta da wani abu (kamar bearing ko hula) a cikin wani sashi, ko kuma kawai a yi maganin ƙarshen bututun ƙarfe don tabbatar da shi, inganta bayyanarsa, ko sauƙaƙe shigar da bututun. cikin tsakiyar bututun karfe. wani bangare.
A cikin orbital da radial forming, kai yana samuwa ta hanyar amfani da kan guduma da aka haɗe zuwa wani igiya mai jujjuya, wanda a lokaci guda yana yin ƙarfi a ƙasa akan aikin. Lokacin yin bayanin martaba, ana amfani da rollers da yawa maimakon nozzles. Shugaban yana jujjuyawa a 300 zuwa 600 rpm, kuma kowane fasinja na abin nadi a hankali yana turawa tare da sassauta kayan zuwa maras sumul, siffa mai ɗorewa. A kwatankwacin, ayyukan samar da waƙa yawanci ana gudanar da su a 1200 rpm.
"Hanyoyin Orbital da radial sun fi dacewa da gaske don tsayayyen rivets. Ya fi dacewa ga abubuwan da aka gyara tubular, ”in ji Tim Lauritzen, injiniyan aikace-aikacen samfur a BalTec Corp.
Rollers sun haye kayan aikin tare da madaidaicin layin lamba, a hankali suna tsara kayan zuwa siffar da ake so. Wannan tsari yana ɗaukar kusan daƙiƙa 1 zuwa 6.
Brian Wright, mataimakin shugaban tallace-tallace a Orbitform Group ya ce "[Lokacin yin gyare-gyare] ya dogara da kayan aiki, yadda ya kamata a motsa shi da kuma irin nau'in lissafi da kayan aiki ke bukata. "Dole ne ku yi la'akari da kauri na bango da ƙarfin ƙarfin bututu."
Ana iya yin nadi daga sama zuwa ƙasa, ƙasa zuwa sama ko a gefe. Abinda kawai ake buƙata shine samar da isasshen sarari don kayan aikin.
Wannan tsari zai iya samar da abubuwa iri-iri, ciki har da tagulla, jan karfe, simintin aluminum, karfe mai laushi, babban carbon karfe, da bakin karfe.
Lauritzen ya ce "Aluminum ɗin da aka ɗora abu ne mai kyau don yin nadi saboda lalacewa na iya faruwa yayin ƙirƙirar," in ji Lauritzen. “Wani lokaci ya zama dole a shafa mai don rage lalacewa. A haƙiƙa, mun ƙirƙiro wani tsari wanda zai sa mai naɗa kamar yadda suke siffata kayan.”
Za a iya amfani da ƙira don samar da bango mai kauri daga 0.03 zuwa 0.12 inci. Diamita na tubes ya bambanta daga 0.5 zuwa 18 inci. "Mafi yawan aikace-aikacen suna tsakanin inci 1 zuwa 6 a diamita," in ji Wright.
Saboda ƙarin ɓangaren juzu'i, yin nadi yana buƙatar 20% ƙasa da ƙarfin ƙasa don samar da curl ko gefu fiye da crimper. Sabili da haka, wannan tsari ya dace da kayan da ba su da ƙarfi kamar simintin aluminum da abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci kamar na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
Wright ya ce: "Idan za ku yi amfani da latsa don samar da taron bututu, kuna buƙatar kusan ninki biyar ƙarfin da za ku yi amfani da naɗaɗɗen naɗa," in ji Wright. “Mafi girman runduna na ƙara haɗarin faɗaɗa bututu ko lankwasa, don haka kayan aikin yanzu sun zama masu rikitarwa da tsada.
Akwai nau'ikan kawuna na abin nadi iri biyu: kawunan abin nadi a tsaye da kawuna masu magana. Masu kai tsaye sune suka fi kowa. Yana da ƙafafun gungurawa tsaye a tsaye a cikin saiti. Ana amfani da ƙarfin ƙirƙira a tsaye zuwa kayan aikin.
Sabanin haka, shugaban pivot yana da rollers a kwance wanda aka ɗora akan fil waɗanda ke tafiya tare, kamar muƙamuƙi na latsawa. Yatsu suna motsa abin nadi a cikin radially zuwa cikin kayan aikin da aka ƙera yayin da ake amfani da kaya mai matsawa lokaci guda zuwa taron. Wannan nau'in kai yana da amfani idan sassan taron sun fito sama da rami na tsakiya.
"Wannan nau'in yana amfani da karfi daga waje a ciki," in ji Wright. "Kuna iya murƙushe ciki ko ƙirƙirar abubuwa kamar tsagi na O-ring ko ƙananan yanke. Shugaban tuƙi kawai yana motsa kayan aiki sama da ƙasa tare da axis Z."
Ana amfani da tsarin samar da pivot don shirya bututu don ɗaukar shigarwa. "Ana amfani da wannan tsari don ƙirƙirar tsagi a waje na ɓangaren da kuma madaidaicin madaidaicin a cikin ɓangaren da ke aiki a matsayin tsayayye mai tsauri don ɗaukar nauyi," in ji Wright. "Sa'an nan, da zarar na'urar ta shiga, za ku siffata ƙarshen bututun don tabbatar da ɗaukar nauyi. A da, masana'antun dole ne su yanke kafada a cikin bututun a matsayin tsayayye mai tsauri."
Lokacin da aka sanye shi da ƙarin saitin rollers na ciki mai daidaitacce a tsaye, haɗin gwiwar swivel zai iya samar da diamita na waje da ciki na kayan aikin.
Ko a tsaye ko na magana, kowane abin nadi da taron shugaban nadi an ƙera su don takamaiman aikace-aikace. Koyaya, ana samun sauƙin maye gurbin abin nadi. A haƙiƙa, na'ura mai mahimmanci guda ɗaya na iya yin aikin gyaran dogo da mirgina. Kuma kamar orbital da radial forming, nadi forming za a iya yi a matsayin tsayawa-shida Semi-atomatik tsari ko hadedde a cikin cikakken sarrafa kansa tsarin taro.
Ana yin rollers daga karfen kayan aiki mai taurin gaske kuma yawanci suna kewayo daga inci 1 zuwa 1.5 a diamita, in ji Lauritzen. Yawan rollers a kan kai ya dogara da kauri da kayan abu na sashi, da kuma adadin ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi. Wanda akafi amfani dashi shine nadi uku. Ƙananan sassa na iya buƙatar rollers biyu kawai, yayin da manyan sassa na iya buƙatar shida.
"Ya dogara da aikace-aikacen, dangane da girman da diamita na ɓangaren da kuma nawa kake son motsa kayan," in ji Wright.
"Kashi casa'in da biyar na aikace-aikacen suna da ciwon huhu," in ji Wright. "Idan kuna buƙatar babban madaidaici ko aikin ɗaki mai tsabta, kuna buƙatar tsarin lantarki."
A wasu lokuta, ana iya gina matsi na matsi a cikin tsarin don amfani da pre-loading zuwa ɓangaren kafin yin gyare-gyare. A wasu lokuta, ana iya gina na'ura mai canzawa na madaidaiciyar canji a cikin kushin matsawa don auna tsayin abun da aka yi kafin hadawa azaman tantancewar inganci.
Maɓalli masu mahimmanci a cikin wannan tsari sune ƙarfin axial, ƙarfin radial (a cikin yanayin ƙirar abin nadi), juzu'i, saurin juyawa, lokaci da ƙaura. Waɗannan saitunan zasu bambanta dangane da girman ɓangaren, abu, da buƙatun ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa. Kamar latsawa, orbital da radial forming ayyukan, kafa tsarin za a iya sanye take don auna karfi da ƙaura a kan lokaci.
Masu samar da kayan aiki zasu iya ba da jagora akan ingantattun sigogi da kuma jagora akan zayyana sashin preform geometry. Manufar ita ce abu ya bi hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya. Motsin kayan abu bai kamata ya wuce nisan da ake buƙata don amintar haɗin haɗin ba.
A cikin masana'antar kera, ana amfani da wannan hanyar don haɗa bawul ɗin solenoid, firikwensin firikwensin, masu bibiyar cam, haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, masu ɗaukar girgiza, filtata, famfo mai, famfo na ruwa, famfo injin famfo, bawul ɗin hydraulic, ƙulla igiyoyi, taron jakunkuna, ginshiƙan tuƙi, da Masu shayar da abin tsoro na antistatic Kashe birki da yawa.
Lauritzen ya ce "Kwanan nan mun yi aiki a kan aikace-aikacen da muka samar da hular chrome bisa abin da aka zare don harhada goro mai inganci," in ji Lauritzen.
Mai siyar da mota yana amfani da naɗaɗɗen ƙira don amintaccen bearings a cikin gidan famfo na ruwa na aluminum. Kamfanin yana amfani da zobba masu riƙewa don tabbatar da bege. Rolling yana haifar da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi kuma yana adana farashin zobe, da lokaci da kashe kuɗi na tsagi zoben.
A cikin masana'antar na'urorin likitanci, ana amfani da bayanan martaba don yin haɗin gwiwa da tukwici na catheter. A cikin masana'antar lantarki, ana amfani da bayanan martaba don haɗa mita, kwasfa, capacitors da batura. Masu tara sararin samaniya suna amfani da nadi don samar da bearings da bawul ɗin poppet. Har ila yau ana amfani da wannan fasaha wajen kera maƙallan murhun sansani, da na'urar tsinke teburi, da kayan aikin bututu.
Kusan kashi 98% na masana'antu a Amurka sun fito ne daga kanana da matsakaitan masana'antu. Haɗa Greg Whitt, Manajan Inganta Tsarin tsari a masana'antar RV MORryde, da Ryan Kuhlenbeck, Shugaba na Pico MES, yayin da suke tattaunawa kan yadda kasuwancin matsakaicin matsakaici zai iya motsawa daga masana'anta zuwa masana'anta na dijital, farawa a kan bene.
Al'ummar mu na fuskantar kalubalen tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da muhalli da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Mashawarcin gudanarwa kuma marubuci Olivier Larue ya yi imanin cewa ana iya samun tushen magance yawancin waɗannan matsalolin a wuri mai ban mamaki: Toyota Production System (TPS).
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-09-2023