Hangen nesa na Anish Kapoor na sassaken Cloud Gate a cikin Millennium Park na Chicago yayi kama da mercury mai ruwa, a zahiri yana nuna birnin da ke kewaye. Samun wannan gabaɗaya aiki ne na ƙauna.
"Abin da nake so in yi da Millennium Park shi ne in yi wani abu da ya yi kama da sararin samaniyar Chicago ... don haka mutane za su iya ganin gajimare kuma waɗannan gine-gine masu tsayi suna nunawa a cikin aikin. Sa'an nan kuma, saboda yana a bakin gate. Siffar, ɗan takara, mai kallo zai iya shiga cikin wannan ɗakin mai zurfi mai zurfi, wanda a wata hanya yakan nuna mutum ga abin da bayyanar aikin ke nunawa ga birnin da ke kewaye. Anish Kapoor, sculptor Cloud Gate
Kawai daga cikin kwanciyar hankali na katafaren sassaken bakin karfe, zai yi wuya a iya tantance adadin karfe da hanji ke boye a karkashin saman. Ƙofar Cloud ta ƙunshi labarun sama da 100 masu ƙirƙira ƙarfe, masu yanka, masu walda, masu gamawa, injiniyoyi, masu fasaha, masu dacewa, masu sakawa da manajoji - sama da shekaru biyar a cikin samarwa.
Mutane da yawa sun yi aiki na tsawon sa'o'i, sun yi aiki a cikin bita a tsakiyar dare, sun yi sansani a wuraren gine-gine kuma suna aiki a cikin zafin jiki na digiri 110 sanye da cikakkun suturar Tyvek® hazmat da rabin abin rufe fuska. Wasu suna aiki a wurare masu hana nauyi, tare da kayan aikin da aka dakatar da su daga kayan aiki, kuma suna aiki a kan gangara mai santsi. Komai yana tafiya kadan (kuma ya wuce) don yin abin da ba zai yiwu ba.
Yana auna nauyi ton 110, tsayi ƙafa 66 da tsayi ƙafa 33, sassaken bakin karfe, wanda ya ƙunshi ra'ayin sculptor Anish Kapoor na haɓakar gajimare, aikin Performance Structures Inc., kamfani ne na masana'antu. (PSI), Oakland, California, da MTH. Ofishin Jakadancin, Villa Park, Illinois. A bikin cika shekaru 120, MTH yana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ƴan kwangilar ƙarfe da gilashin a yankin Chicago.
Gane abubuwan da ake buƙata na aikin zai buƙaci aikin fasaha, fasaha, ilimin injiniya da ƙwarewar masana'antu na kamfanonin biyu. Sun yi oda har ma da samar da kayan aiki don aikin.
Wasu matsalolin aikin suna da alaƙa da sifarsa mai ban mamaki - igiyar cibiya ko jujjuyawar cibiya - wasu kuma ga girmansa. Wannan sassaken, wanda kamfanoni biyu daban-daban suka gina a wurare daban-daban na dubban mil mil, ya haifar da matsalolin zirga-zirga da salon. Yawancin matakai da ya kamata a yi a cikin filin suna da wuya a yi a kan kantin sayar da kaya, balle a cikin filin. Matsaloli da yawa suna tasowa saboda kawai ba a taɓa yin irin waɗannan tsarin ba, don haka babu nassoshi, babu zane, babu taswirar hanya.
Ethan Silva na PSI yana da gogewa sosai wajen tsarawa, na farko don jiragen ruwa sannan daga baya don sauran ayyukan fasaha, kuma ya cancanci aikin ƙira. Anish Kapoor ya nemi wanda ya kammala karatun Physics da Art da ya samar da ƙaramin abin koyi.
“Saboda haka na yi guntun 2m da 3m, lanƙwasa mai santsi mai santsi, mai goge baki, sai ya ce, ‘Oh, ka yi shi, kai kaɗai ka yi,’ saboda yana neman shekara biyu. Zo ka nemi wani ya yi,” in ji Silva.
Asalin shirin shine PSI ta ƙirƙira kuma ta gina sassaka gabaɗayan sa'an nan kuma ta jigilar shi gaba ɗaya zuwa Kudancin Tekun Pasifik, ta hanyar Canal Panama, arewa zuwa Tekun Atlantika kuma ta hanyar St. Lawrence Seaway zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa a tafkin. Michigan, a cewar babban daraktan. Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, tsarin jigilar kayayyaki na musamman zai kai shi Millennium Park, in ji Ulliel. Ƙuntataccen lokaci da aiki na tilasta canje-canje ga waɗannan tsare-tsaren. Don haka dole ne a shirya bangarori masu lankwasa don jigilar kayayyaki sannan a kai su Chicago, inda MTH ta hada tsarin da ke karkashin kasa kuma ta hada bangarorin zuwa babban tsarin.
Ƙarewa da goge walƙiya na Ƙofar Cloud don ba su kyan gani na ɗaya daga cikin mafi wahala na shigarwa da haɗuwa a wurin. An kammala tsari na matakai 12 ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙusa mai haske, kama da kayan ado na kayan ado.
"Ainihin, mun yi aiki a kan wannan aikin, muna yin waɗannan sassa na kimanin shekaru uku," in ji Silva. “Wannan babban aiki ne. Yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa don gano yadda ake yin shi da kuma aiwatar da cikakkun bayanai; ka sani, cikakke kawai. Hanyarmu, wacce ke amfani da fasahar kwamfuta da kuma kyakkyawan aikin ƙarfe na zamani, haɗin gwiwa ne na ƙirƙira da fasahar sararin samaniya.”
A cewarsa, yana da wuya a kera wani abu mai girma da nauyi tare da daidaito. Mafi girman shingen sun kai tsayin ƙafa 7 da faɗin ƙafa 11 kuma sun auna nauyin fam 1,500.
"Yin duk aikin CAD da ƙirƙirar ainihin zane-zane na kanti don wannan samfurin babban aiki ne a kansa," in ji Silva. “Muna amfani da fasahar kwamfuta wajen auna faranti da kuma tantance su daidai da siffarsu da lankwasa domin su dace da juna daidai.
"Mun yi na'urar kwaikwayo ta kwamfuta sannan muka ware ta," in ji Silva. "Na yi amfani da kwarewata a ginin harsashi kuma na gano yadda za a raba nau'in ta yadda layin dinke ya yi aiki don mu sami sakamako mafi kyau."
Wasu faranti murabba'i ne wasu kuma masu siffa ce ta kek. Matsakaicin kusancin su zuwa wani kaifi mai kaifi, yawancin su suna da nau'in kek kuma mafi girma da radius na canjin radial. A saman sun fi kyau kuma sun fi girma.
Yanke Plasma 1/4 zuwa 3/8 inch kauri 316L bakin karfe yana da wahala da kansa, in ji Silva. “Ainihin ƙalubalen shine a ba manyan faranti daidai gwargwado. Anyi hakan ne ta hanyar ƙera madaidaicin tsari da ƙera tsarin haƙarƙari na kowane faranti. Wannan ya ba mu damar tantance siffar kowane farantin daidai.
Ana birgima zanen gadon akan nadi na 3D wanda PSI ta ƙera kuma ta kera su musamman don mirgina waɗannan zanen gado (duba siffa 1). “Wani irin kani ne na filin wasan kankara na Ingila. Muna jujjuya su ta hanyar amfani da dabara mai kama da yin fuka-fuki,” in ji Silva. Lanƙwasa kowane takarda ta hanyar motsa shi baya da gaba akan rollers, daidaita matsa lamba akan rollers har sai takardar ta kasance tsakanin 0.01 ″ na girman da ake so. A cewarsa, babban madaidaicin da ake buƙata yana da wahala a samar da faranti a hankali.
Sa'an nan kuma masu walda suna walda farantin da aka lanƙwasa zuwa tsarin ciki na tsarin ribbed ta hanyar amfani da muryoyin ruwa. "A ganina, shayar da ruwa babbar hanya ce mai kyau don ƙirƙirar walda a cikin bakin karfe," in ji Silva. "Yana ba da ingantaccen welds, yana da tsarin samarwa sosai kuma yana da kyau."
Gaba dayan saman allunan ana yi musu yashi da hannu kuma ana sarrafa su don yanke su zuwa daidai dubun inci da ake buƙata domin su dace daidai da juna (duba Hoto na 2). Tabbatar da ma'auni tare da ingantattun ma'auni da kayan aikin sikanin Laser. A ƙarshe, an goge allon zuwa ƙarshen madubi kuma an rufe shi da fim ɗin kariya.
Kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na bangarorin, tare da tushe da tsarin ciki, an shigar da su a cikin taron gwaji kafin a tura fafutocin daga Auckland (duba adadi na 3 da 4). An shirya hanyar rataye faranti kuma an yi walda a kan wasu ƙananan faranti don riƙe su tare. "Don haka lokacin da muka hada shi a Chicago, mun san zai dace," in ji Silva.
Zazzabi, lokaci da girgiza trolley ɗin na iya sa samfurin da aka yi birgima ya sassauta. An tsara ragar ribbed ba kawai don ƙara ƙarfin jirgi ba, amma har ma don kiyaye siffar jirgin yayin sufuri.
Sabili da haka, faranti suna ƙarƙashin kulawar zafi da sanyaya don kawar da matsalolin kayan aiki ta hanyar ƙarfafa raga daga ciki. Don ƙara hana lalacewa yayin jigilar kaya, an yi maƙallan kowane jirgi kuma an ɗora su cikin kwantena kusan huɗu a lokaci ɗaya.
Daga nan aka loda kwantenan akan manyan tireloli, kusan hudu a lokaci guda, kuma an tura su zuwa Chicago tare da ma'aikatan PSI don shigarwa tare da ma'aikatan MTH. Ɗayan ƙwararren masani ne wanda ke daidaita sufuri, ɗayan kuma shine shugaban fasaha na rukunin yanar gizon. Yana aiki yau da kullun tare da ma'aikatan MTH kuma yana taimakawa haɓaka sabbin fasahohi kamar yadda ake buƙata. "Hakika, ya kasance wani muhimmin bangare na tsarin," in ji Silva.
Shugaban MTH Lyle Hill ya ce masana'antun na MTH da farko an daure su ne da sanya sassaken ethereal a kasa da kuma sanya wani babban gini, sannan a yi masa walda da yin yashi na karshe da goge goge, tare da PSI ta samar da jagorar fasaha. Kammala sassaka yana nufin fasaha. Daidaita tare da aiki, ka'idar tare da aiki, lokacin da ake buƙata da lokacin da aka tsara.
Lou Czerny, mataimakin shugaban injiniya kuma manajan ayyuka a MTH, ya ce ya yi matukar sha'awar yadda aikin ke da shi. "A iyakar saninmu, abubuwa da yawa sun faru a kan wannan aikin na musamman waɗanda ba a yi ko an yi la'akari da su ba," in ji Czerny.
Amma haɓaka irinsa na farko yana buƙatar hazaka a wurin don amsa matsalolin da ba a zata ba da amsa tambayoyin da suka taso a hanya:
Ta yaya za ku girka ginshiƙan bakin karfe masu girman mota 128 akan babban tsari na dindindin tare da kulawa? Yadda za a sayar da giant flexbeans ba tare da dogara da shi ba? Yadda za a shiga cikin walda ba tare da samun damar walda daga ciki ba? Yadda za a cimma cikakken madubi gama na bakin karfe welds a cikin filin? Me zai faru idan walƙiya ta same shi?
Czerny ya ce alamar farko da ke nuna cewa wannan zai zama babban aiki na musamman shi ne lokacin da aka fara ginawa da shigar da dandalin mai nauyin fam 30,000. Tsarin karfe yana goyan bayan sassaka.
Ko da yake kera babban karfen tsarin zinc da PSI ke bayarwa don harhada gindin ginin yana da sauƙi, ginin yana tsakiyar tsakiyar gidan cin abinci da rabin tashar mota, kowanne a tsayi daban.
"Don haka tushe nau'in cantilevered ne, mai ban tsoro a wani lokaci," in ji Czerny. "Inda muka shigar da wannan karfe da yawa, gami da farkon ainihin aikin katako, dole ne mu fitar da crane cikin rami mai zurfin ƙafa 5."
Czerny ya ce sun yi amfani da na'ura mai cike da sarkakiya, wanda ya hada da na'ura mai kama da na'ura mai kama da wanda ake amfani da shi wajen hakar ma'adinan kwal da kuma wasu anka na sinadarai. Da zarar an ɗora ginin ƙarfe a cikin siminti, dole ne a shigar da babban ginin wanda za a haɗa harsashi zuwa gare shi.
"Mun fara ta hanyar shigar da tsarin truss tare da manyan nau'o'in nau'i na O-rings guda biyu na 304 - daya a arewacin ƙarshen tsarin kuma ɗaya a ƙarshen kudu," in ji Czerny (duba Hoto 3). Ana ɗaure zoben tare da trusses tubular masu tsaka-tsaki. Ƙarƙashin ƙirar ƙirar zobe an raba shi kuma an kulle shi a wuri ta amfani da GMAW da ƙarfafa walda na lantarki.
“Don haka akwai wannan katafaren tsari wanda babu wanda ya taba gani; duk don tsarin tsarin ne,” in ji Czerny.
Duk da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce na ƙira, injiniyanci, ƙirƙira da girka duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don aikin Oakland, sassaken ya kasance ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, kuma sabbin hanyoyin koyaushe suna tare da bursudi da tarkace. Hakazalika, haɗa ra'ayoyin masana'antar kamfani ɗaya da na wani ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar wuce sanda. Bugu da ƙari, nisa ta jiki tsakanin rukunin yanar gizon yana haifar da jinkirin bayarwa, yana mai da wasu abubuwan samarwa akan yanar gizo masu ma'ana.
"Ko da yake an riga an tsara tsarin taro da walda a Auckland, ainihin yanayin wurin yana buƙatar kowa ya kasance mai kirkira," in ji Silva. "Kuma ma'aikatan ƙungiyar suna da girma sosai."
A cikin 'yan watannin farko, babban aikin MTH shine sanin abin da ake buƙata don aikin yini, da kuma yadda mafi kyawun ƙirƙira wasu abubuwan da ake buƙata don gina tsarin ƙasa, da kuma wasu struts, "shocks", makamai, fil. , kuma, kamar yadda Hill ya ce, sandunan pogo. ana buƙatar ƙirƙirar tsarin siding na ɗan lokaci.
“Tsarin ci gaba ne, ƙira da ƙira a kan tashi don kiyaye komai ya tafi da sauri zuwa filin. Muna ɓata lokaci mai yawa wajen tsara abubuwan da muke da su, a wasu lokuta muna yin gyare-gyare da sake tsarawa, sannan mu yi sassan da suka dace.
"A ranar Talata kawai za mu sami abubuwa 10 da za mu samu a filin ranar Laraba," in ji Hill. "Muna da karin lokaci da yawa kuma yawancin ayyukan da ke kan shagon ana yin su ne a tsakiyar dare."
"Kusan kashi 75 cikin 100 na tarurrukan siding ana yin su ne ko kuma an gyara su akan rukunin yanar gizon," in ji Czerny. "Akwai sau biyu muna yin sa'o'i 24 a rana. Ina cikin kantin har karfe 2 ko 3 na safe na dawo gida karfe 5:30 na safe na yi wanka na dauki kayan, har yanzu a jike. ”
Tsarin dakatarwar na wucin gadi na MTN da ake amfani da shi wajen harhada kwandon ya kunshi magudanan ruwa, struts da igiyoyi. Ana ɗaure duk haɗin gwiwa tsakanin faranti na ɗan lokaci tare da kusoshi. "Don haka an haɗa dukkan tsarin da injina, an dakatar da shi daga ciki ta hanyar trusses 304," in ji Czerny.
Mun fara da kubba a gindin sassaken cibiya - "cibi a cikin cibiya." An dakatar da dome daga cikin tarkace ta amfani da tsarin tallafin bazara mai maki huɗu na ɗan lokaci, wanda ya ƙunshi rataye, igiyoyi da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Yayin da ake ƙara ƙarin alluna, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa sun zama “kyauta,” in ji Czerny. Ana daidaita maɓuɓɓugan ruwa bisa ƙarin nauyin kowane faranti don daidaita dukkan sassaka.
Kowanne daga cikin allunan 168 yana da nasa tsarin dakatarwa mai maki hudu da kuma tsarin bazara, don haka ana tallafawa daban-daban a wurin. "Ma'anar ba shine don matsawa ɗayan haɗin gwiwa ba saboda an haɗa su da rata na 0/0," in ji Czerny. "Idan hukumar ta bugi hukumar a karkashin hakan na iya haifar da rikici da sauran matsaloli."
Shaida ga madaidaicin PSI shine ingantacciyar dacewarta ba tare da wani koma baya ba. "PSI ta yi kyakkyawan aiki na yin waɗannan allunan," in ji Czerny. "Na ba su yabo saboda, a ƙarshe, ya dace da gaske. Daidaiton ya yi kyau kwarai da gaske wanda ke da kyau a gare ni. Muna magana a zahiri game da dubunnan inci. .”
"Lokacin da suka gama taron, mutane da yawa sun yi tunanin an yi hakan," in ji Silva, ba kawai saboda tsautsayi ba, har ma domin cikakken ɓangaren da aka goge da gogen da aka goge ya yi hakan. kewayenta. Amma gindin gindi yana bayyane, ruwa mai mercury ba shi da kabu. Bugu da kari, sassaken har yanzu yana bukatar a hada shi da cikakken walda don kiyaye mutuncin tsarinsa ga tsararraki masu zuwa, in ji Silva.
Dole ne a jinkirta kammala Ƙofar Cloud yayin babban buɗewar wurin shakatawa a cikin bazarar 2004, don haka omphalus ya kasance GTAW goge, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ya makale na tsawon watanni.
"Kuna iya ganin ƙananan ɗigon launin ruwan kasa a kewayen tsarin da ke TIG welds," in ji Czerny. "Mun sake fara kafa tanti a watan Janairu."
"Babban ƙalubalen samarwa na gaba don wannan aikin shine ƙera suturar walda ba tare da asarar daidaiton tsari ba saboda raguwar walda," in ji Silva.
A cewar Czerny, waldi na plasma ya ba da ƙarfin da ake buƙata da tsauri tare da ƙarancin haɗari ga takardar. Cakuda na 98% argon da 2% helium shine mafi kyawun rage lalata da haɓaka narkewa.
Masu walda sun yi amfani da hanyar waldawar maɓalli ta hanyar amfani da wutar lantarki ta Thermal Arc® da tarakta na musamman da taron tocilan da PSI ta ƙera da amfani da su.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-04-2023