Shinkafa 1. A lokacin zagayowar jujjuyawar tsarin ciyarwar mirgina a tsaye, babban gefen “na lanƙwasa” a gaban jujjuyawar lanƙwasa. Sai a zame gefen gefen da aka yanke a kan jagorar, a sanya shi a yi masa walda don samar da harsashi na birgima.
Duk wanda ke aiki a masana'antar kera karafa yana yiwuwa ya saba da injinan mirgine, ko dai injinan riga-kafi, niƙa-biyu-biyu, niƙan fassarar geometric uku, ko injin mirgine huɗu. Kowannensu yana da iyakokinsa da fa'idodinsa, amma suna da abu ɗaya gama gari: suna mirgine zanen gado da faranti a cikin matsayi na kwance.
Hanyar da aka fi sani ta ƙunshi gungurawa a tsaye. Kamar sauran hanyoyin, gungurawa a tsaye yana da iyakoki da fa'idodi. Waɗannan ƙarfin kusan koyaushe suna magance aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin matsaloli biyu. Ɗaya daga cikin su shine tasirin nauyi akan kayan aiki yayin aikin mirgina, ɗayan kuma shine rashin ingancin sarrafa kayan aiki. Haɓakawa na iya haɓaka aikin aiki kuma a ƙarshe yana ƙara ƙwarewar masana'anta.
Fasahar mirgina a tsaye ba sabuwa ba ce. Tushen sa na iya komawa zuwa tsarin al'ada da yawa da aka kirkira a cikin 1970s. A shekarun 1990s, wasu maginan injinan suna ba da injin mirgina a tsaye a matsayin daidaitaccen layin samfur. Wannan fasaha ta samu karbuwa daga masana'antu daban-daban, musamman a fannin aikin gina tankunan ruwa.
Tankuna na gama-gari da kwantena waɗanda galibi ana samarwa a tsaye sun haɗa da waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin abinci, kiwo, giya, giya, da masana'antar magunguna; API tankunan ajiyar man fetur; tankunan ruwa masu walda don aikin gona ko ajiyar ruwa. Motoci na tsaye suna rage sarrafa kayan aiki, galibi suna samar da ingantacciyar lankwasawa, kuma mafi inganci sarrafa mataki na gaba na taro, jeri da walda.
Ana nuna wani fa'ida inda aka iyakance ikon ajiyar kayan. Ma'ajiya na fale-falen fale-falen a tsaye yana buƙatar ƙasa da sarari fiye da adana tukwane ko tukwane a saman fili.
Yi la'akari da wani shagon da manyan tankunan tanki (ko "yadudduka") ke birgima a kan juzu'i na kwance. Bayan yin birgima, masu aiki suna yin walda ta tabo, suna runtse firam ɗin gefen, kuma su ƙara mirgina harsashi. Tun da harsashi na bakin ciki yana raguwa a ƙarƙashin nauyinsa, dole ne a ƙarfafa shi tare da stiffeners ko stabilizers ko juya zuwa matsayi na tsaye.
Irin wannan babban girma na ayyuka - ciyar da allunan daga kwance zuwa a kwance kawai don cire su bayan mirgina da karkatar da su don tarawa - na iya haifar da kowane nau'in matsalolin samarwa. Godiya ga gungurawa a tsaye, kantin sayar da yana kawar da duk tsaka-tsakin aiki. Ana ciyar da zanen gado ko allunan a tsaye kuma ana birgima, a tsare su, sannan a ɗaga su a tsaye don aiki na gaba. Lokacin hawa, kwandon tanki baya tsayayya da nauyi, don haka ba ya lanƙwasa ƙarƙashin nauyinsa.
Wasu mirginawa a tsaye suna faruwa akan injunan birgima guda huɗu, musamman don ƙananan tankuna (yawanci ƙasa da ƙafa 8 a diamita) waɗanda za a tura su ƙasa kuma a sarrafa su a tsaye. Tsarin 4-roll yana ba da damar sake yin birgima don kawar da ɗakunan da ba a lanƙwasa ba (inda rolls ɗin ya kama takardar), wanda ya fi dacewa a kan ƙananan ƙananan diamita.
A mafi yawan lokuta, a tsaye rolling na tankuna ana za'ayi kan injunan uku-uku tare da faranti biyu ko kuma kai tsaye daga coils (wannan hanyar tana kara zama gama gari). A cikin waɗannan saitin, mai aiki yana amfani da ma'aunin radius ko samfuri don auna radius na shinge. Suna daidaita rollers masu lanƙwasa lokacin da suka taɓa babban gefen gidan yanar gizon, sannan kuma yayin da yanar gizon ke ci gaba da ciyarwa. Yayin da bobbin ya ci gaba da shiga cikin daɗaɗɗen raunin da ya samu, maɓuɓɓugar kayan yana ƙaruwa kuma mai aiki yana motsa bobbin don haifar da ƙarin lankwasawa don ramawa.
Ƙwararren ya dogara da kaddarorin kayan aiki da nau'in coil. Diamita na ciki (ID) na nada yana da mahimmanci. Sauran abubuwan daidai suke, nada shine inci 20. ID ɗin yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana da billa fiye da wannan rauni na nada har zuwa inci 26. GANO.
Hoto 2. Gungurawa a tsaye ya zama wani ɓangare na yawancin shigarwar filin tanki. Lokacin amfani da crane, tsarin yawanci yana farawa a saman bene kuma yana aiki ƙasa. Yi la'akari da dunƙule kawai a tsaye a saman Layer.
Lura, duk da haka, cewa mirgina a cikin kwandunan tsaye ya sha bamban da mirgina farantin mai kauri akan nadi na kwance. A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, masu aiki suna aiki tuƙuru don tabbatar da cewa gefuna na takardar sun dace daidai a ƙarshen sake zagayowar. Kauri zanen gado birgima zuwa kunkuntar diamita ba a iya sake yin aiki.
Lokacin da za a iya yin harsashi tare da nadi-feed a tsaye, mai aiki ba zai iya haɗa gefuna tare a ƙarshen zagayowar ba saboda, ba shakka, takardar tana fitowa kai tsaye daga nadi. A yayin aiwatar da birgima, takardar tana da jagorar jagora, amma ba za ta sami ƙofa ba har sai an yanke ta daga nadi. Game da waɗannan tsarin, ana jujjuya nadi zuwa cikakken da'irar kafin a lanƙwasa nadi, sannan a yanke bayan an gama (duba hoto 1). Gefen sabon da aka yanke sai a zame shi a kan babban gefen, a sanya shi, sa'an nan kuma a yi masa walda don samar da harsashi mai birgima.
Lankwasawa da sake jujjuyawa a galibin injinan da ake ciyar da su ba su da inganci, ma'ana galibi suna samun hutu a gefuna na kan gaba da masu biyo baya (mai kama da filayen da ba a tanƙwara a cikin mirgina ba. Waɗannan sassa galibi ana sake yin fa'ida. Koyaya, kasuwancin da yawa suna ganin raguwa azaman ƙaramin farashi don biyan duk ingantaccen sarrafa kayan da rollers na tsaye ke ba su.
Koyaya, wasu 'yan kasuwa suna son samun mafi kyawun kayan da suke da su, don haka sun zaɓi ginannen tsarin abin nadi. Suna kama da madaidaitan mirgina huɗu akan layukan sarrafa nadi, sai dai a juye su. Saitunan gama-gari sun haɗa da madaidaitan mirgina 7-roll da 12-roll waɗanda ke amfani da haɗaɗɗen ɗauka, madaidaiciya da naɗaɗɗen lankwasa. Na'ura mai daidaitawa ba kawai yana rage raguwar kowane hannun hannu mara kyau ba, amma kuma yana ƙara sassaucin tsarin, watau tsarin zai iya samar da ba kawai sassan birgima ba, har ma da slabs.
Dabarar daidaitawa ba zata iya haifar da sakamakon tsarin daidaitawa da aka saba amfani da shi a cibiyoyin sabis ba, amma yana iya samar da kayan lebur wanda za'a iya yanke shi da Laser ko plasma. Wannan yana nufin masana'antun na iya amfani da coils don jujjuyawa a tsaye da tsaga.
A yi tunanin cewa ma'aikacin da ke mirgina calo don ɓangaren gwangwani ya karɓi odar aika mugun ƙarfe zuwa teburin yankan plasma. Bayan ya nad'a akwatunan ya tura su k'asa, sai ya saita tsarin ta yadda ba'a shigar da injinan mik'ewa kai tsaye a cikin iskan tsaye ba. Madadin haka, madaidaicin yana ciyar da kayan lebur wanda za'a iya yanke shi tsawon tsayi, yana ƙirƙirar shingen yankan plasma.
Bayan yankan ɓangarorin, ma'aikacin ya sake tsara tsarin don ci gaba da mirgina hannayen riga. Kuma saboda yana jujjuya kayan a kwance, bambancin kayan (ciki har da matakan elasticity daban-daban) ba matsala ba ne.
A mafi yawan wuraren masana'antu da masana'antu, masana'antun suna neman haɓaka adadin benayen masana'anta don sauƙaƙe ƙirƙira a kan layi da haɗuwa. Duk da haka, wannan doka ba ta aiki idan ana maganar kera manyan tankunan ajiya da makamantansu manyan gine-gine, musamman saboda irin wannan aikin ya ƙunshi matsaloli masu ban mamaki wajen sarrafa kayan.
Rufin da aka yi amfani da shi a tsaye a kan wurin yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa kayan aiki kuma yana inganta duk tsarin ƙirar tanki (duba siffa 2). Yana da sauƙin jigilar juzu'in ƙarfe zuwa wurin aiki fiye da mirgina jerin manyan bayanan martaba a cikin taron bitar. Bugu da kari, mirgina a kan wurin yana nufin cewa hatta manyan tankuna masu diamita za a iya samar da su da waldi guda ɗaya kawai.
Samun mai daidaitawa akan rukunin yanar gizon yana ba da ƙarin sassauci don ayyukan rukunin yanar gizon. Zaɓin zaɓi ne na yau da kullun don ƙirƙira tankin tanki, inda ƙarin aikin ke bawa masana'antun damar yin amfani da madaidaiciyar coils don ƙirƙirar tanki ko tanki a kan wurin, kawar da jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin shagon da wurin gini.
Shinkafa 3. Wasu juzu'i na tsaye sun haɗa cikin tsarin samar da tanki na kan-site. Jack ɗin yana ɗaga kwas ɗin da aka yi birgima a baya ba tare da amfani da crane ba.
Wasu ayyuka na kan rukunin yanar gizon suna haɗa swaths a tsaye cikin tsarin da ya fi girma, gami da yankan raka'a da walda waɗanda aka haɗa tare da jacks na musamman, suna kawar da buƙatar cranes akan rukunin yanar gizo (duba Hoto 3).
An gina tafki gaba ɗaya daga sama zuwa ƙasa, amma tsarin yana farawa daga karce. Ga yadda yake aiki: Ana ciyar da nadi ko takardar ta hanyar rollers a tsaye 'yan inci kaɗan daga inda bangon tanki ya kamata ya kasance. Sannan ana ciyar da bangon cikin jagororin da ke ɗauke da takardar yayin da yake zagayawa da kewayen tanki. Ana tsayar da nadi na tsaye, an yanke ƙarshensa, a soke shi kuma a yi waldi guda ɗaya a tsaye. Sannan abubuwan da ke cikin haƙarƙarin suna walda su zuwa harsashi. Na gaba, jack ɗin yana ɗaga harsashi na birgima sama. Maimaita tsari don cake na gaba a ƙasa.
An yi walda a tsakanin sassan biyu da aka yi birgima, sa'an nan kuma an ƙera rufin tanki a wurin - ko da yake tsarin ya kasance kusa da ƙasa, kawai manyan bawoyi biyu ne kawai aka yi. Da zarar rufin ya cika, jacks suna ɗaga tsarin duka don shirye-shiryen harsashi na gaba, kuma tsarin ya ci gaba - duk ba tare da crane ba.
Lokacin da aikin ya kai matakin mafi ƙanƙanta, slabs suna shiga cikin wasa. Wasu masana'antun tankunan filayen suna amfani da faranti masu kauri 3/8 zuwa 1 inch, kuma a wasu lokuta ma sun fi nauyi. Tabbas, ba a ba da zanen gado a cikin rolls ba kuma suna da iyaka tsawon tsayi, don haka waɗannan ƙananan sassan za su sami weld da yawa a tsaye waɗanda ke haɗa sassan takaddar birgima. A kowane hali, ta yin amfani da injunan tsaye a kan wurin, ana iya sauke ginshiƙan a cikin tafi ɗaya kuma a yi birgima a kan wurin don yin amfani da shi kai tsaye wajen gina tanki.
Wannan tsarin ginin tanki misali ne na ingantaccen sarrafa kayan da aka samu (aƙalla a sashi) ta mirgina a tsaye. Tabbas, kamar kowace hanya, gungurawa a tsaye bai dace da kowane aikace-aikacen ba. Aiwatar da shi ya dogara da ingancin sarrafawa da yake ƙirƙira.
A ɗauka cewa masana'anta sun shigar da swath mara abinci a tsaye don aikace-aikace iri-iri, yawancinsu ƙananan ƙwanƙolin diamita ne waɗanda ke buƙatar riga-kafin lankwasawa (lankwasar da jagora da gefuna na kayan aikin don rage girman filaye marasa lanƙwasa). Waɗannan ayyukan suna yiwuwa akan mirgine a tsaye, amma riga-kafin lankwasawa a tsaye ya fi wahala. A mafi yawan lokuta, mirgina mai yawa a tsaye, yana buƙatar lankwasawa, ba shi da inganci.
Baya ga batutuwan sarrafa kayan, masana'antun sun haɗa gungurawa a tsaye don guje wa nauyi (sake, don guje wa jujjuya manyan harsashi marasa tallafi). Koyaya, idan aikin ya ƙunshi mirgina takarda mai ƙarfi sosai don riƙe siffarta a duk lokacin da ake birgima, babu wata ma'ana a mirgina wannan takardar a tsaye.
Har ila yau, ayyukan asymmetrical (ovals da sauran siffofi masu ban sha'awa) yawanci sun fi dacewa a kan swaths a kwance, tare da babban tallafi idan an so. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, goyon bayan ba wai kawai hana sagging ba saboda nauyi, suna jagorantar aikin aiki a lokacin sake zagayowar da kuma taimakawa wajen kula da siffar asymmetrical na workpiece. Rikicin sarrafa irin wannan aikin a tsaye zai iya ɓata duk fa'idodin gungurawa a tsaye.
Irin wannan ra'ayi ya shafi mazugi. Cones masu jujjuyawa sun dogara da gogayya tsakanin rollers da bambancin matsa lamba daga ƙarshen abin nadi zuwa wancan. Mirgine mazugi a tsaye kuma nauyi zai ƙara rikitarwa. Za a iya samun keɓantacce, amma ga kowane dalili, mazugi na gungurawa a tsaye ba shi da amfani.
Amfani da na'ura mai bidi'a uku tare da jumlolin fassarar a tsaye shima ba ya da amfani. A cikin waɗannan injuna, nadi biyu na ƙasa suna motsawa gefe zuwa gefe ta kowace hanya, yayin da nadi na sama yana daidaitawa sama da ƙasa. Waɗannan gyare-gyaren suna ba da damar injuna su lanƙwasa hadaddun geometries da narkar da kayan kauri iri-iri. A mafi yawan lokuta, waɗannan fa'idodin ba a ƙara su ta gungurawa tsaye.
Lokacin zabar takarda rolls, yana da mahimmanci a gudanar da bincike mai zurfi da zurfi tare da la'akari da amfanin samar da injin. A tsaye swaths suna da mafi ƙarancin ayyuka fiye da swaths na kwance na gargajiya, amma suna ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci idan yazo da aikace-aikacen da ya dace.
Injin mirgina farantin tsaye gabaɗaya suna da ƙira na asali, aiki da fasalulluka fiye da injunan mirgina farantin kwance. Bugu da ƙari, Rolls sau da yawa suna da girma don aikace-aikacen, kawar da buƙatar haɗawa da kambi (da ganga ko sa'a na gilashin da ke faruwa a cikin aikin aiki lokacin da kambi ba a daidaita shi ba don aikin da ake yi). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da su tare da unwinders, suna samar da siriri abu don duka tankunan bita, yawanci har zuwa 21'6 inci a diamita. Babban Layer na tankin da aka girka diamita mai girma da yawa yana iya samun waldi ɗaya kawai a tsaye maimakon faranti uku ko fiye.
Bugu da ƙari, mafi girman fa'ida na mirgina a tsaye shine a cikin yanayi inda tanki ko jirgin ya buƙaci a gina shi tsaye saboda tasirin nauyi akan kayan sirara (har zuwa 1/4 ″ ko 5/16 ″ misali). Samar da kai tsaye zai buƙaci yin amfani da zobba masu ƙarfafawa ko zoben kwantar da hankali don gyara siffar zagaye na sassan da aka yi birgima.
Haƙiƙanin fa'idar rollers a tsaye ya ta'allaka ne a cikin ingancin sarrafa kayan aiki. Ƙananan magudi da kuke buƙatar yin tare da jiki, ƙananan yuwuwar lalacewa da sake yin aiki. Yi la'akari da babban bukatar tankunan bakin karfe a cikin masana'antar harhada magunguna, wanda ya fi kowane lokaci aiki. Mummunan mu'amala na iya haifar da matsalolin kwaskwarima ko mafi muni, lalacewa ga layin wucewa da gurɓacewar samfur. Rolls na tsaye suna aiki tare tare da yanke, walda da tsarin gamawa don rage damar yin magudi da gurɓatawa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, furodusoshi za su iya amfana da shi.
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Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-07-2023