Tsarin haƙƙin mallaka yana ba da izinin gyare-gyaren matsawa a ƙananan matsa lamba, adanawa akan farashin babban kayan kayan aiki don samar da panel. #adhesives #a wajen autoclave #sheetforming fili
Yana iya yin kama da ƙofar katako, amma a haƙiƙa wani nau'in kwafi ne na saman SMC, wanda aka yi ta amfani da sabon tsarin gyare-gyaren SMC na Acell. Wannan tsari yana amfani da tushen kumfa mai phenolic don ƙirƙirar ƙofofi da sauran bangarorin ginin ta hanyar gyare-gyaren ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Source: Asell
Wannan hoton yana nuna shigar da latsa. Lura da babban dogo da ake gani a hagu na sama wanda ke goyan bayan tsarin feshin mutum-mutumi na PiMC don shafan foda. Source: Italpresse
Sashe na gunkin da aka matse (ba tare da ƙirar itace ba) yana nuna yadda resin SMC ke shiga cikin buɗaɗɗen sel na tushen kumfa, ƙirƙirar haɗin injin don hana lalatawa. Source: Asell
Ana samun bangarori na Acell a cikin ɗaruruwan ƙarewa, gami da ƙirar marmara, kamar yadda aka nuna a nan. Source: Asell
Mataki na 1: Yayin yin simintin, an fara ƙirƙiri wani nau'i na nickel-plated aluminum ta hanyar amfani da babban haɗe-haɗe don sake ƙirƙirar saman da ake so. Wannan fuskar kasan ita ce alamar kofa. Source: Asell
Mataki na 2: An sanya mummunan ƙwayar gilashin da aka cika da gilashi (SMC) akan kayan aiki; a cikin yanayin samarwa, an fara amfani da mayafin saman da aka fara amfani da shi a kan ƙirar don kiyaye daidaiton ingancin saman. Source: Asell
Mataki na 3: Ƙofar kofa yawanci ya haɗa da firam ɗin itace, yana ba ku damar tona ramukan kayan aiki a cikin ƙofar da aka gama ko panel kuma yanke shi don dacewa da shigarwar ku. Source: Asell
Mataki na 4: An sanya kumfa mai ƙyalƙyali na Acell (wuta/ hayaki/virus) a cikin firam ɗin itace. Source: Asell
Mataki na 5: Sanya saman takardar SMC akan styrofoam da firam ɗin itace kuma ƙirƙirar sauran fata na SMC da sanwicin mai salo. Source: Asell
Mataki 6: Kwatanta da ƙãre panel da form. Lura cewa kumfa mara kyau yana ba ku damar sake haifar da kwatancen bangarorin. Source: Asell
"Idan kun gina shi, za su zo" na iya zama jigon Hollywood, amma kuma yana bayyana dabarun ci gaba da masana'antun masana'antu a wasu lokuta ke amfani da su - gabatar da sababbin sababbin abubuwa a cikin bege cewa kasuwa za ta ci gaba a kan lokaci. Daidaita kuma karba. Fasahar Acell's Sheet Molding compound (SMC) fasaha ce irin wannan sabon abu. An ba da izini a duk duniya a cikin 2008 kuma an gabatar da shi a cikin Amurka a cikin 2010, wannan tsari yana ba da haɗin kayan aiki da tsari don ƙera sanwici na al'ada. Kudin kayan aikin babban birnin na bangarori yana da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da gyare-gyaren matsawa na al'ada.
Wanda ya ƙirƙira wannan ƙirƙira ita ce ƙungiyar fasahar sinadarai ta Italiya Acell (Milan, Italiya), wacce ke samar da buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen tantanin halitta phenolic kumfa don tsarin gine-gine masu jure wuta tsawon shekaru 25. Acell ya so ya sami kasuwa mai fa'ida don samfuran kumfa kuma ya haɓaka hanyar yin amfani da kumfa a haɗe tare da SMC don kera ƙofofi da sauran samfuran panel don kasuwar ginin. Abokin fasaha Acell Italpresse SpA (Bagnatica, Italiya da Punta Gorda, Florida) sun tsara kuma sun gina cikakken layin samarwa don samar da bangarori masu haɗaka bisa ga ƙayyadaddun sigogi. "Mun yi imani da tsarin kasuwancin mu na ƙirƙirar matakai da samfurori don amfani da duniya," in ji Acell Babban Jami'in Harkokin Kasuwanci Michael Free.
Wataƙila yana da gaskiya. Wannan ya haifar da sha'awar masana'antu sosai. A haƙiƙa, Kayan Aiki na Ashland (Columbus, Ohio) sun kafa ƙawancen dabarun tare da Acell don haɓaka wannan fasaha a Arewacin Amurka. An kuma ba da wannan tsari na Acell lambar yabo ta 2011 Composites Excellence Award (ACE) ta Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Manufacturer Amurka. (ACMA, Arlington, Virginia) Nau'in Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙiri.
Sabuwar tsarin gyare-gyare shine ƙirƙira babban adadin bincike da haɓaka fa'idodin sanwici. Dave Ortmyer, COO na Italpresse Amurka, ya bayyana cewa ana yin gyare-gyaren ƙofofin da aka haɗa da su ta hanyar matakai da yawa da aiki mai ƙarfi wanda ya haɗa da ƙirƙira firam na ciki, laminating fata na SMC, haɗa abubuwan da aka gyara, kuma a ƙarshe, an zubar da kumfa polyurethane a ciki. domin thermal rufi. Sabanin haka, tsarin Acell yana samar da daidaitaccen kwamiti na kofa a cikin mataki ɗaya kawai kuma a farashi mai ƙarancin ƙima. "Ƙofar fata na gargajiya na SMC na iya kashe har zuwa $ 300,000," in ji Ortmyer. "Tsarin mu na iya ba ku ƙofa da aka gama a tafi ɗaya, farashin kayan aikin zai kasance $ 20,000 zuwa $ 25,000."
Kayan aiki suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsari. Ba kamar yawancin kumfa mai phenolic ba, waɗanda suke da taushi, gaggautsa da rauni (kamar kumfa mai furannin furanni da ake amfani da su don shirye-shiryen fure), kumfa Acell haɗe ce ta sinadarai na mallakar mallaka don ƙirƙirar kumfa mai ƙarfi. m3 (5 zuwa 50 lb/ft3). Kumfa yana da Properties na thermal insulation Properties, wuta, hayaki da toxicity (FST) juriya, da kuma sauti-share Properties. Hakanan ana samunsa a cikin nau'ikan girman tantanin halitta, in ji Free. SMC mai cike da gilashin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙofofin ƙofa Acell ne ya yi, in ji shi. Saboda SMC yana da saurin fitar da iskar gas yayin gyare-gyaren, Ortmeier ya ce, kumfa yana aiki azaman abu mai numfashi, yana barin iskar gas ya tsere daga ƙirar ta cikin ramukan.
Koyaya, mahimmin batun shine isa. Ortmeier ya ce abokan haɗin gwiwar suna fatan samar da kayan aiki masu tsada ga ƙananan masana'anta ko waɗanda ke samar da kayayyaki da yawa a cikin gajeren sanarwa. A cikin gyare-gyaren SMC na yau da kullun, kayan aikin suna da girma kuma suna da tsada, in ji shi, ba wai kawai don sassan suna da girma ba, har ma don jure lalacewa da tsagewar da motsi da kwararar yawancin SMC "charges" ke yi. a cikin m. . karkashin dole high shafi matsa lamba.
Saboda mafi tsarin kumfa na Acell ya kasance “raguwa” (mai lalacewa) a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, matsa lamba na yau da kullun zai murkushe shi gaba ɗaya, don haka matsa lamba na gyare-gyare dole ne ya zama ƙasa kaɗan. Sabili da haka, tsarin Acell yana amfani da ƙananan ƙananan SMC akan fata kawai. Ba ya motsawa ko gudana a gefe, don haka babu haɗarin lalacewa a saman kayan aiki. A gaskiya ma, resin SMC kawai yana gudana a cikin z-direction - an tsara tsarin don samar da isasshen zafi a cikin mold don yin amfani da matrix na SMC, yana sa wasu daga cikin resin su shiga cikin ƙwayoyin kumfa na kusa yayin da yake raguwa kadan a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
"A lokacin zagayowar gyare-gyaren, harsashin SMC da gaske yana cikin injina kuma an daidaita shi da sinadarai a cikin kumfa," in ji Frey, kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa "ƙasa harsashi ba zai yiwu ba." sauran Too karfi kayan aiki. Farashin simintin simintin simintin guda biyu na simintin gyare-gyare (sama da ƙasa) tare da dalla-dalla da ake buƙata na farfajiyar ƙasa ce kawai na ƙimar da ake buƙata don samar da kayan aikin SMC na ƙarfe ko na'ura na aluminum. Sakamakon, abokan hulɗa sun ce, tsari ne mai araha wanda ke ba da ma'amaloli da yawa a farashi mai ƙima.
Duk da haka, araha da araha ba su kawar da daidaitawa ba. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa inda aka haɗa kayan saka a cikin laminate. An gina su kawai a cikin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, suna ƙara ƙarfin lanƙwasawa na bangarori. A cewar Free, za a iya haɗa yadudduka na aramid da aka saƙa, saƙar zuma na ƙarfe har ma da abubuwan da aka saka a cikin sandunan sanwici kuma ana matse su yayin aiki don ƙarin juriya, kariya ta sata da ƙari. "Muna son masana'antun su fahimci cewa wannan tsari yana da sauƙi kuma yana daidaitawa," in ji shi. "Yana iya samar da nau'i-nau'i masu kauri ko bakin ciki na al'ada akan farashi mai rahusa ba tare da ƙarin aiki kamar gluing ko ɗaure ba."
Tsarin injin ɗin, wanda Italpresse ta kera musamman don Acell, ya ƙunshi latsa tan 120 downstroke tare da faranti masu zafi don sanya gyare-gyaren fale-falen. An tsara farantin gindin don shiga da fita daga cikin latsa kai tsaye, kuma Ortmeier ya ce yana yiwuwa a ƙara farantin ƙasa mai zafi na biyu a gefe na na'ura don ya kwanta a kan wani nau'i ɗaya yayin da wani yana cikin latsa ta amfani da Layup. tasha. Slabs sune 2.6m / 8.5ft x 1.3m / 4.2ft don aikace-aikacen "misali" kamar kofofin ado, amma ana iya yin slabs don dacewa da takamaiman ayyuka. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa yana yiwuwa kuma a canza saitin latsa da ke akwai don dacewa da tsarin Acell, muddin ana iya sarrafa matsa lamba (ta hanyar tsayawar mutuwa) don guje wa wuce gona da iri.
Ana yin gyare-gyare daban-daban don kowane aikin panel kuma ana iya yin su ta hanyoyin simintin al'ada. Don samun babban ma'anar ƙirar ƙira wanda ke kwaikwayon kayan halitta irin su itace ko dutse, an shimfiɗa fiberglass / polyester panels kai tsaye a kan kayan da aka zaɓa don ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙira don kayan aiki na sama da ƙasa. An aika da samfuran guda biyu zuwa cikin canji, inda ake jefa kayan aikin a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Kayan aiki na bakin ciki yana zafi da sauri kuma masu aiki biyu za su iya ɗaga su kuma su motsa su lokacin da ba su da aiki. Akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓukan kayan aiki, amma fasahohin jefawa suna samar da kayan aiki akan farashi mai ma'ana kuma yawanci 0.75 ″ zuwa 1″ (20 zuwa 25 mm).
A lokacin samarwa, ana shirya mold bisa ga ƙarewar da ake so na panel. Ana samun nau'ikan gyare-gyare iri-iri da ƙarewa, An bayyana kyauta, gami da gyare-gyaren foda (PiMC), foda mai amfani da foda mai amfani da yawa wanda ke narkewa da amsawa tare da SMC don samar da murfin UV da karce. Panel launi launi. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da zubar da yashi mai launi ko yashi na halitta don kwaikwaya dutse, ko shafa mayafi da aka buga wanda zai iya ƙara rubutu da tsari. Bayan haka, an shimfiɗa filament na saman a kan mold, sa'an nan kuma an yanke Layer na gilashin gilashin SMC a cikin siffar raga kuma an shimfiɗa shi a kan ƙirar da aka shirya.
Wani yanki na kumfa Acell mai kauri 1 ″/26mm (wanda kuma aka yanke shi zuwa raga) an sanya shi a saman SMC. An yi amfani da Layer na biyu na SMC zuwa kumfa tare da fim na biyu don sauƙaƙe sakin sassa da kuma samar da hanyar da za a iya yin amfani da shi ta hanyar SMC. Mutuwar kasa, wacce aka sanya a saman farantin mai zafi, sannan ana ciyar da ita da injina ko kuma a ciyar da ita da hannu a cikin latsa inda zafin aiki ya kai 130°C zuwa 150°C (266°F zuwa 302°F). Rage saman mold ɗin a kan tari, barin ƙaramin tazarar iska tsakanin gyare-gyaren, kuma danna matsakaicin Layer tare da ƙarfin 5 kg / cm2 (71 psi) na kimanin minti biyar don samar da wani m panel kamar yadda a mataki na 6. A lokacin zagayowar stamping, beads suna zamewa kuma an cire ɓangaren.
Don ƙirƙirar rukunin ƙofa na yau da kullun, an gyaggyara tsarin ta ƙara firam ɗin itacen sanwici a kusa da gefen yanki (mataki na 3) da sanya kumfa a cikin firam ɗin. Itacen da aka kayyade yana ba da damar yanke kofofin zuwa madaidaicin girma kuma ana iya shigar da hinges da kayan aiki cikin sauƙi, Fritsch ya bayyana.
Yayin da akasarin ƙofofin haɗaɗɗiyar al'ada yanzu ana yin su a Asiya, Ortmayer ya ce tsarin Acell "yana ba da damar samar da 'na gida' akan ƙasa saboda ƙarancin farashi. Hanya ce ta ƙirƙirar ayyukan masana'antu a farashi mai ma'ana. A halin yanzu akwai masu lasisi guda bakwai a Turai suna amfani da tsarin Acell don yin kofofi da sauran samfuran panel, kuma sha'awar Amurka ta haɓaka cikin sauri tun lokacin da aka karɓi lambar yabo ta ACMA a cikin 2011, in ji Free, wanda ke fatan ganin ƙarin a cikin abubuwan ginin waje. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi, alal misali, a matsayin bangarori masu rufewa (duba hoto), wannan tsari yana da kyau a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi, juriya na UV da juriya mai tasiri.
Wata fa'ida ita ce, fa'idodin Acell ana iya sake yin amfani da su 100%: har zuwa 20% na kayan da aka sake amfani da su ana sake yin amfani da su wajen samar da kumfa. "Mun ƙirƙiri tsarin gyare-gyaren tattalin arziki da kore SMC," in ji Free. Mike Wallenhorst ya ce ana sa ran kawancen dabarun da Ashland zai sa fasahar ta zama sananne sosai. Daraktan Gudanar da Samfura a Ashland. "Hanyar fasaha ce mai ban sha'awa wacce ta cancanci mafi yawan masu sauraro."
Da alama Amurka a shirye take ta saka hannun jari sosai a kayayyakin more rayuwa. Shin masana'antar hada-hadar kayayyaki za ta iya magance wannan?
Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar kashe gobara suna ba da tsari, daskarewar iska da fitattun facade ga gine-ginen majagaba a Dubai.
Tsarin gine-ginen na yau da kullun ya ɗauki ginin haɗin gwiwa gaba, yana ba da ɗimbin mafita na gidaje masu araha ga kowane nau'in magina.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-01-2023